3. Vermicomposting: Biological Conversion

Pre-processed organic material enters the vermicomposting system, where red wiggler earthworms (Eisenia fetida) and microbial communities drive biological transformation.

Within the system:

• Organic matter is fragmented and digested

• Microbial populations are reshaped through earthworm gut passage

• Nutrients are converted into plant-available forms

• Organic carbon is stabilized

This process produces vermicompost, a biologically active soil amendment rich in microbial diversity and organic matter.